Basic surgical instruments are common tools for many types of surgery.

This can be divided into five functional groups. Cutting or dissecting tools Clamping or occluding tool Grasping or holding tools Retractors Accessory tool Cutting or dissecting tools are divided into two types. 1. sharp dissectors 1.1 knife or scalpel used to cut tissue and organs Nowadays, the detachable scalpel consists of two parts: a scalpel handle and a small scalpel blade used in surgery. Plate 3 and Plate # 4 are 5 inches long. 1.2 Scissors are used to separate and cut the tissue. There are various types of 7-30 cms depending on the depth of the area to be operated. It has the shape of the tip, the end of the curve, the tip of the tip to suit the tissue or material to cut. Commonly used. Mayo scissors are both straight and curved. The shape is quite large and thick. The length of about 16-187 cm. Used to cut thick tissue, such as fibrosis. Metzenbuam scissors scissors Suitable for general tissue cut. Suture scissors, blunt pointed scissors, used to cut the material used for stitches. Often used as a closed type to prevent harm to neighboring organs. 2. Blunt dissectors are used to puff areas of blood vessels. Or fried nerves To prevent harm to Those blood vessels and nerves such as tissue dissecto. Clamping or occluding tools are used to prevent blood loss. Arterial forceps or hemostatic forceps may be referred to as "hemostat", "stat" or "clamps". 1. straight and curved type Straight arterial forceps are used to capture superficial blood vessels. And may be used to hold the tie material to pull the brace. Curved arterial forceps are used for endotracheal artery grafting, especially in deep areas. 2. Fang and canine species Vascular pins are often used without canines. To prevent tear Usually use fangs to capture large blood vessels, such as thick muscles. 3. size Small size about 12.5 cm, called halstesed mosquito hemostat, is often used in minor surgery in children, surgery or nerve. The most popular size is about 14cm long. Large, deep vessels such as the abdominal cavity, about 17-18 cm long, commonly used tonsil clamps. Grasping or holding tools are divided into two types, for grasping or anchoring the tissue, or for holding or attaching other materials. 1. Used to hold or seize tissues. 1.1 thumb forceps or dressing forceps. The power of the thumb. Index finger and middle finger Press the tip of the tongue together, there are two types of fangs and no canines. Tooth tissue (tooth tissue forceps) is used to hold thick and slippery tissue. The fangs help the tissue not slip and fall easily. Apply to skin or Muscles are thick Non-tooth tissue forceps are used to capture delicate organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, peripheral arteries. 1.2 tissue pliers The tissue can hold itself. The most commonly used are allis tissue forceps. The tip has a slight crest, the babcock tissue is not smooth. Little bruised organ It is used to catch organs such as the stomach, intestines, gall bladder, kidney, etc. 2. Handle or seize other materials. 2.1 towel clips for surgical veils Also used to catch bones that are not large or too strong. 2.2 Sponge holding forceps The ends are oval with coarse teeth for use as antiseptic or hemorrhoids. 2.3 Needle forceps are available in a variety of sizes so that the needle can be secured firmly. Retractors are used to pull the edges of the wound out to clearly see the surgical area divided into two types: 1. Self retaining retractors: Weitlaner self retaining retractors, often used in shallow areas or balfour self retaining retractors, are used to open the abdomen. 2. Manual retractors must be hand-pulled at all times. There are many sizes, including skin hook, small skin hook, thyroid retractor, or abdominal surgery such as army-navy, Richardson or abdominal retractor include deaver retractor Tools used in surgery. (Accessory): 1. set suction consists of head, suction and suction lines. 2. electric pendant Used to cut tissue and hijack blood to stop flowing using high frequency.